开源压力测试工具JMeter使用介绍

8-10 后端 magicwt 2,729 views

开源压力测试工具JMeter使用介绍

8-10 2,729 views

最近需要对改造的redis缓存接口做压力测试，使用了开源压力测试工具JMeter，分享一下自己的使用经验，希望能对需要进行压力测试的开发同学有所帮助。
JMeter介绍
JMeter是Apache软件基金会下的一款开源压力测试工具，官方网址是：http://jmeter.apache.org/。JMeter可以测试静态、动态资源的性能，这些资源包括文件、Servlets 、Perl脚本、Java对象、数据库、FTP服务器等，并生成图形报告。JMeter使用Java开发，既支持可视化界面操作，也支持命令行操作。
Java请求测试（界面操作）
由于需要对改造的redis缓存接口测试，因此使用了JMeter的Java请求测试，安装和使用步骤如下所示（以Windows操作系统为例，并默认已安装、配置Java运行环境）。
1）从官网上下载JMeter并解压，例如解压至C:\apache-jmeter-2.9。
2）配置JMeter环境变量，增加变量JMETER_HOME，值为“C:\apache-jmeter-2.9”，修改变量CLASSPATH，增加“%JMETER_HOME%\lib\ext\ApacheJMeter_core.jar;% JMETER_HOME%\lib\jorphan.jar;%JMETER_HOME%\lib\logkit-1.2.jar;”

3）执行JMeter目录下的bin\jmeter.bat，显示JMeter界面说明安装成功。

4）新建Java工程，在该工程中，引入JMeter目录下lib中的jar包，继承JMeter的AbstractJavaSamplerClient类，在子类中重写setupTest、teardownTest、getDefaultParameters、runTest方法，实现对缓存接口的get、set、hGet、hSet方法进行测试，子类代码如下所示。

package com.sohu.cms.test;
import org.apache.jmeter.config.Arguments; 
import org.apache.jmeter.protocol.java.sampler.AbstractJavaSamplerClient; 
import org.apache.jmeter.protocol.java.sampler.JavaSamplerContext; 
import org.apache.jmeter.samplers.SampleResult; 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.sohu.cms.datacache.DataCache;
import com.sohu.cms.datacache.DataCacheManager;
/**
 * 继承jmeter的AbstractJavaSamplerClient类，
 * 重写setupTest、teardownTest、getDefaultParameters、runTest方法
 * 对缓存接口的get、set、hGet、hSet方法进行测试
 * @author wang
 *
 */
public class TestDataCacheClient extends AbstractJavaSamplerClient{
    private static long start = 0; 
    private static long end = 0; 
                                                             
    private static DataCacheManager dataCacheManager;
    private static DataCache dataCache;
    private static int size = 8192;
    private static String method = "get";
    private static Object key = "TEST_KEY";
    private static Object field = "TEST_FIELD";
    private static Object value = new Byte[size];
                                                             
    //此处初始化我们改造的redis缓存接口dataCache
    static {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"});
        dataCacheManager = (DataCacheManager) context.getBean("dataCacheManager");
        dataCache = dataCacheManager.getObjectDataCache(); 
    }
    /**
     * 测试开始
     */ 
    public void setupTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {       
        start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 
    } 
    /**
     * 测试结束
     */ 
    public void teardownTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {
        end = System.currentTimeMillis(); 
        System.out.println("[method=" + method + "] [size=" + size + "] [time:" + (end - start) / 1000); 
    } 
    /**
     * 添加参数默认值，参数默认值会在界面中显示
     */
    public Arguments getDefaultParameters() {
        //添加两个参数，
        //size为测试value值的字节大小，默认为8192字节
        //method为需要进行测试的缓存接口方法，默认为get
        Arguments args = new Arguments();
        args.addArgument("size", "8192");
        args.addArgument("method","get");
        return args; 
    } 
    /**
     * 测试
     */ 
    public SampleResult runTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {
        //获取界面或测试计划配置文件（jmx）中传入的参数
        if (arg0.getParameter("method") != null) method = arg0.getParameter("method");
        if (arg0.getIntParameter("size") &gt; 0) size = arg0.getIntParameter("size");
        value = new Byte[size];
                                                                 
        SampleResult sr = new SampleResult(); 
        try {
            boolean result = true;
            //根据传入的method参数测试相应的缓存接口方法
            if (method.equals("get")){
                //测试用例的核心逻辑
                //测试用例开始
                sr.sampleStart();
                //测试用例执行
                result = get();
                //测试用例结果
                sr.setSuccessful(result);
                //测试用例结束
                sr.sampleEnd();
            } else if (method.equals("set")) {
                sr.sampleStart();
                result = set();
                sr.setSuccessful(result);
                sr.sampleEnd();
            } else if (method.equals("hGet")) {
                sr.sampleStart();
                result = hGet();
                sr.setSuccessful(result);
                sr.sampleEnd();
            } else if (method.equals("hSet")) {
                sr.sampleStart();
                result = hSet();
                sr.setSuccessful(result);
                sr.sampleEnd();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
             e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        return sr; 
    }
                                                             
    /**
     * 缓存接口get方法测试用例
     * @return
     */
    public boolean get() {
        boolean result = true;
        try {
            dataCache.get(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
            result = false;
        }
        return result;
    }
                                                             
    /**
     * 缓存接口set方法测试用例
     * @return
     */
    public boolean set() {
        boolean result = true;
        try {
            dataCache.put(key, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
            result = false;
        }
        return result;
    }
                                                             
    /**
     * 缓存接口hGet方法测试用例
     * @return
     */
    public boolean hGet() {
        boolean result = true;
        try {
            dataCache.hGet(key, field);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
            result = false;
        }
        return result;
    }
                                                             
    /**
     * 缓存接口hSet方法测试用例
     * @return
     */
    public boolean hSet() {
        boolean result = true;
        try {
            result = dataCache.hSet(key, field, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
            result = false;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

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package com.sohu.cms.test;

import org.apache.jmeter.config.Arguments;

import org.apache.jmeter.protocol.java.sampler.AbstractJavaSamplerClient;

import org.apache.jmeter.protocol.java.sampler.JavaSamplerContext;

import org.apache.jmeter.samplers.SampleResult;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.sohu.cms.datacache.DataCache;

import com.sohu.cms.datacache.DataCacheManager;

/**

* 继承jmeter的AbstractJavaSamplerClient类，

* 重写setupTest、teardownTest、getDefaultParameters、runTest方法

* 对缓存接口的get、set、hGet、hSet方法进行测试

* @author wang

public class TestDataCacheClient extends AbstractJavaSamplerClient{

private static long start = 0;

private static long end = 0;

private static DataCacheManager dataCacheManager;

private static DataCache dataCache;

private static int size = 8192;

private static String method = "get";

private static Object key = "TEST_KEY";

private static Object field = "TEST_FIELD";

private static Object value = new Byte[size];

//此处初始化我们改造的redis缓存接口dataCache

static {

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"});

dataCacheManager = (DataCacheManager) context.getBean("dataCacheManager");

dataCache = dataCacheManager.getObjectDataCache();

}

/**

* 测试开始

public void setupTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {

start = System.currentTimeMillis();

}

/**

* 测试结束

public void teardownTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {

end = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println("[method=" + method + "] [size=" + size + "] [time:" + (end - start) / 1000);

}

/**

* 添加参数默认值，参数默认值会在界面中显示

public Arguments getDefaultParameters() {

//添加两个参数，

//size为测试value值的字节大小，默认为8192字节

//method为需要进行测试的缓存接口方法，默认为get

Arguments args = new Arguments();

args.addArgument("size", "8192");

args.addArgument("method","get");

return args;

}

/**

* 测试

public SampleResult runTest(JavaSamplerContext arg0) {

//获取界面或测试计划配置文件（jmx）中传入的参数

if (arg0.getParameter("method") != null) method = arg0.getParameter("method");

if (arg0.getIntParameter("size") > 0) size = arg0.getIntParameter("size");

value = new Byte[size];

SampleResult sr = new SampleResult();

try {

boolean result = true;

//根据传入的method参数测试相应的缓存接口方法

if (method.equals("get")){

//测试用例的核心逻辑

//测试用例开始

sr.sampleStart();

//测试用例执行

result = get();

//测试用例结果

sr.setSuccessful(result);

//测试用例结束

sr.sampleEnd();

} else if (method.equals("set")) {

sr.sampleStart();

result = set();

sr.setSuccessful(result);

sr.sampleEnd();

} else if (method.equals("hGet")) {

sr.sampleStart();

result = hGet();

sr.setSuccessful(result);

sr.sampleEnd();

} else if (method.equals("hSet")) {

sr.sampleStart();

result = hSet();

sr.setSuccessful(result);

sr.sampleEnd();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return sr;

}

/**

* 缓存接口get方法测试用例

* @return

public boolean get() {

boolean result = true;

try {

dataCache.get(key);

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e);

result = false;

}

return result;

}

/**

* 缓存接口set方法测试用例

* @return

public boolean set() {

boolean result = true;

try {

dataCache.put(key, value);

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e);

result = false;

}

return result;

}

/**

* 缓存接口hGet方法测试用例

* @return

public boolean hGet() {

boolean result = true;

try {

dataCache.hGet(key, field);

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e);

result = false;

}

return result;

}

/**

* 缓存接口hSet方法测试用例

* @return

public boolean hSet() {

boolean result = true;

try {

result = dataCache.hSet(key, field, value);

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e);

result = false;

}

return result;

}

5）将工程以jar包形式导出，置于JMeter目录lib\ext下，并将工程依赖的jar包置于JMeter目录lib下，启动JMeter。右键“测试计划”添加“线程组”。右键“线程组”添加“Java请求”，右键“Java请求”添加“聚合报告”。

6）在“Java请求”中选择所写的测试类，并可以设置相关参数，在“线程组”中可以设置并发线程数和循环次数，点击上方“启动”按钮开始测试，测试完成后，可以在“聚合报告”中查看到测试结果。

Java请求测试（命令行操作）
JMeter也支持命令行操作，在服务器上进行测试时，我们就采用了这种方式。一个简单的JMeter命令行操作如下所示（在JMeter目录bin下执行）。

Windows下： JMeter-n –t test.jmx -l result.jtl
Linux下： ./jmeter.sh -n –t test.jmx -l result.jtl

其中-n 表示命令行执行，test.jmx为测试计划配置文件，result.jtl为测试结果。
可在界面中进行测试计划配置，然后保存便可生成jmx格式文件，如下所示。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jmeterTestPlan version="1.2" properties="2.4" jmeter="2.9 r1437961">
  <hashTree>
    <TestPlan guiclass="TestPlanGui" testclass="TestPlan" testname="测试计划" enabled="true">
      <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments"></stringProp>
      <boolProp name="TestPlan.functional_mode">false</boolProp>
      <boolProp name="TestPlan.serialize_threadgroups">false</boolProp>
      <elementProp name="TestPlan.user_defined_variables" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用户定义的变量" enabled="true">
        <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"/>
      </elementProp>
      <stringProp name="TestPlan.user_define_classpath"></stringProp>
    </TestPlan>
    <hashTree>
      <ThreadGroup guiclass="ThreadGroupGui" testclass="ThreadGroup" testname="线程组" enabled="true">
        <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.on_sample_error">continue</stringProp>
        <elementProp name="ThreadGroup.main_controller" elementType="LoopController" guiclass="LoopControlPanel" testclass="LoopController" testname="循环控制器" enabled="true">
          <boolProp name="LoopController.continue_forever">false</boolProp>
          <!-- 循环次数 -->
          <stringProp name="LoopController.loops">100</stringProp>
        </elementProp>
        <!-- 并发线程数 -->
        <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.num_threads">100</stringProp>
        <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.ramp_time">100</stringProp>
        <longProp name="ThreadGroup.start_time">1376103961000</longProp>
        <longProp name="ThreadGroup.end_time">1376103961000</longProp>
        <boolProp name="ThreadGroup.scheduler">false</boolProp>
        <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.duration"></stringProp>
        <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.delay"></stringProp>
      </ThreadGroup>
      <hashTree>
        <JavaSampler guiclass="JavaTestSamplerGui" testclass="JavaSampler" testname="Java请求" enabled="true">
          <elementProp name="arguments" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" enabled="true">
            <!-- 自定义参数 -->
            <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments">
              <elementProp name="size" elementType="Argument">
                <stringProp name="Argument.name">size</stringProp>
                <stringProp name="Argument.value">8192</stringProp>
                <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp>
              </elementProp>
              <elementProp name="method" elementType="Argument">
                <stringProp name="Argument.name">method</stringProp>
                <stringProp name="Argument.value">set</stringProp>
                <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp>
              </elementProp>
            </collectionProp>
          </elementProp>
          <stringProp name="classname">com.sohu.cms.test.TestDataCacheClient</stringProp>
        </JavaSampler>
        <hashTree>
          <ResultCollector guiclass="StatVisualizer" testclass="ResultCollector" testname="聚合报告" enabled="true">
            <boolProp name="ResultCollector.error_logging">false</boolProp>
            <objProp>
              <name>saveConfig</name>
              <value class="SampleSaveConfiguration">
                <time>true</time>
                <latency>true</latency>
                <timestamp>true</timestamp>
                <success>true</success>
                <label>true</label>
                <code>true</code>
                <message>true</message>
                <threadName>true</threadName>
                <dataType>true</dataType>
                <encoding>false</encoding>
                <assertions>true</assertions>
                <subresults>true</subresults>
                <responseData>false</responseData>
                <samplerData>false</samplerData>
                <xml>false</xml>
                <fieldNames>false</fieldNames>
                <responseHeaders>false</responseHeaders>
                <requestHeaders>false</requestHeaders>
                <responseDataOnError>false</responseDataOnError>
                <saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>false</saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>
                <assertionsResultsToSave>0</assertionsResultsToSave>
                <bytes>true</bytes>
              </value>
            </objProp>
            <stringProp name="filename"></stringProp>
          </ResultCollector>
          <hashTree/>
        </hashTree>
      </hashTree>
    </hashTree>
  </hashTree>
</jmeterTestPlan>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<boolProp name="TestPlan.functional_mode">false</boolProp>

<boolProp name="TestPlan.serialize_threadgroups">false</boolProp>

</elementProp>

</TestPlan>

<stringProp name="ThreadGroup.on_sample_error">continue</stringProp>

<boolProp name="LoopController.continue_forever">false</boolProp>

</elementProp>

<boolProp name="ThreadGroup.scheduler">false</boolProp>

</ThreadGroup>

</elementProp>

<stringProp name="Argument.name">method</stringProp>

</elementProp>

</collectionProp>

</elementProp>

<stringProp name="classname">com.sohu.cms.test.TestDataCacheClient</stringProp>

</JavaSampler>

<boolProp name="ResultCollector.error_logging">false</boolProp>

<name>saveConfig</name>

<encoding>false</encoding>

<responseData>false</responseData>

<samplerData>false</samplerData>

<xml>false</xml>

<fieldNames>false</fieldNames>

<responseHeaders>false</responseHeaders>

<requestHeaders>false</requestHeaders>

<responseDataOnError>false</responseDataOnError>

<saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>false</saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>

</value>

</objProp>

</ResultCollector>

</hashTree>

</jmeterTestPlan>

result.ftl为按行输出的测试执行结果，如下所示，可在界面操作的聚合报告导入该文件从而生成聚合报告。

…
1376040889436,48,Java请求,,,线程组1-40,,true,0,0
1376040889792,9,Java请求,,,线程组1-7,,true,0,0
1376040889526,167,Java请求,,,线程组1-57,,true,0,0
1376040889791,10,Java请求,,,线程组 1-54,,true,0,0
…

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原文地址: http://magicwt.com/2013/08/10/%e5%bc%80%e6%ba%90%e5%8e%8b%e5%8a%9b%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7jmeter%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d/

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